Shoulder Videos: Cartilage
Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Focal Chondral Defect of the Humerus Associated With Anchor Arthropathy and Failed SLAP Repair
Isolated, full-thickness articular cartilage lesions of the glenohumeral joint can cause pain, mechanical symptoms, and impaired function. Reports on operative management of these injuries with arthroscopic techniques, such as marrow stimulation, have shown improvement in patient symptoms. In cases where the subchondral bone is involved, osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation has shown positive results for contained, focal cartilage defects. The technique for OCA transplantation to treat Hill-Sachs lesions has been reported in detail, and there are multiple case series reporting on the outcomes of OCA used for this purpose.The Use of All-Arthroscopic Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis for the Management of Humeral and Glenoid Chondral Defects in the Shoulder
Autologous matrix-induced chondrogenesis (AMIC) is often used for treating chondral defects in different joints. We describe an all-arthroscopic approach for the treatment of glenoid and humeral chondral lesions with this technique. AMIC starts with the use of microfractures of the damaged cartilage, followed by coverage of the defect with a type I/III collagen matrix (Chondro-Gide; Geistlich Pharma, Wolhusen, Switzerland) that is fixed with fibrin glue (Tissucol; Baxter, Warsaw, Poland). In a 1-step approach, the unstable cartilage is debrided, microfractures that penetrate up to the subchondral bone are performed, and the membranes are pasted to the lesion.Arthroscopic Anatomic Glenoid Reconstruction Without Subscapularis Split
The role of bone loss from the anterior glenoid in recurrent shoulder instability has been well established. We present a completely arthroscopic technique for reconstructing the anterior glenoid with distal tibial allograft and without a subscapularis split. We perform the arthroscopy in the lateral position. We measure and size an allograft distal tibial graft and place it arthroscopically. We use an inside-out medial portal to introduce the graft into the shoulder, passing it through the rotator interval and above the subscapularis.Arthroscopic-Assisted Fixation of Ideberg Type III Glenoid Fractures
Operative treatment of scapular fractures with extension into the glenoid can be a challenging clinical scenario. Though traditionally addressed in an open fashion, the morbidity of this approach, complemented by advancements in arthroscopic technique and instrumentation, has led to increasing use of arthroscopic-assisted fixation. We describe our technique, including pearls and pitfalls, for minimally invasive fixation of Ideberg type III glenoid fractures. This approach minimizes morbidity, allows optimal visualization and reduction, and provides good functional results.Treatment of Glenoid Chondral Defect Using Micronized Allogeneic Cartilage Matrix Implantation
Focal chondral lesions of the glenohumeral joint, though less common than chondral defects in the knee or ankle, can be a significant source of pain in an active population. For patients in whom nonsurgical management fails, promising results have been reported after arthroscopic microfracture surgery to treat such lesions. However, microfracture leads to growth of fibrocartilage tissue and is biomechanically less durable than native hyaline cartilage. Recently, augmentation of the microfractured defect with micronized allogeneic cartilage and platelet-rich plasma has been described to restore hyaline-like cartilage and potentially protect the subchondral bone from postsurgical fracture biology within the base of the defect.Biceps Tenoscopy in Arthroscopic Treatment of Primary Synovial Chondromatosis of the Shoulder
Primary synovial chondromatosis (PSC) of the shoulder is a rare condition and usually necessitates operative therapy. Arthroscopic partial synovectomy with removal of loose osteochondromas may be regarded as the current surgical treatment of choice. However, involvement of the biceps tendon sheath (BTS) occurs in almost half of the patients and required additional open surgery in all previously reported cases. We successfully performed tenoscopy of the BTS and long head of the biceps tendon during arthroscopic treatment of PSC in a 26-year-old male competitive wrestler.Arthroscopic Glenohumeral Arthrodesis With O-Arm Navigation
Glenohumeral arthrodesis is an end-stage salvage operation that has traditionally been performed in an open fashion. In recent years an arthroscopic approach has been described. The purpose of this report was to present an arthroscopic glenohumeral arthrodesis technique with the assistance of O-arm–based navigation. An illustrative case example is presented. This technique allows not only a minimally invasive glenohumeral arthrodesis but also precise screw fixation by navigation, which may be particularly useful in cases of limited bone stock and/or bony deformity.Arthroscopic Anatomic Humeral Head Reconstruction With Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Large Hill-Sachs Lesions
Anatomic reconstruction of the humeral head with osteochondral allograft has been reported as a solution for large Hill-Sachs lesions with or without glenoid bone loss. However, to date, varying techniques have been used. This technical note describes an arthroscopic reconstruction technique using fresh-frozen, side- and size-matched osteochondral humeral head allograft. Allograft plugs are press fit into the defect without internal fixation and seated flush with the surrounding articular surface.
